Ecoregions & Biological Diversity of the Chaco
Exploring the remarkable biodiversity of South America's hidden forest
The Gran Chaco harbors an extraordinary diversity of ecoregions, ranging from xerophilic forests and palm groves to vast grasslands. This diversity makes it one of the most biodiverse dry forest ecosystems on the planet.
Primary Ecoregions
Chaco Seco (Dry Chaco)
The Dry Chaco is characterized by xerophilic forests dominated by quebracho species (Schinopsis quebracho-colorado and Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco). These hardwood trees have adapted to extreme conditions with less than 500mm annual rainfall, developing deep root systems and drought-resistant leaves.
Chaco Húmedo (Humid Chaco)
The eastern Humid Chaco receives higher rainfall and supports more lush vegetation. Palm groves and gallery forests along rivers create vital wildlife corridors, connecting habitats across the landscape.
Chaco Serrano (Mountain Chaco)
In the western foothills, the Mountain Chaco reaches elevations up to 2,000m. Here, vegetation adapts to cooler temperatures and higher precipitation, creating a unique transitional zone between the lowland Chaco and the Andean highlands.
Biodiversity Highlights
3,400+
Plant species, including many endemics
500+
Bird species documented
150+
Mammal species including jaguar & puma
120+
Reptile species
Iconic Species
The Chaco is home to remarkable wildlife, including the jaguar, puma, giant anteater, tapir, and the rare Chacoan peccary—a species once thought extinct and only rediscovered in 1975. The Chaco eagle and numerous endemic reptile species further underscore the region's ecological importance.
Conservation Challenges
The Chaco's ecoregions face significant threats from agricultural expansion and cattle ranching. The Atlas documents these changes and provides baseline data essential for developing effective conservation strategies that balance human needs with ecosystem preservation.